Chemistry Study Sheet Answers:
1. Matter: Anything that takes up space and has mass.
Solid, liquid, gas.
2. Atom: Smallest particle (of an element) that has the
properties of a specific element.
Element: Matter made up of atoms with a unique
number of protons; in other words,
the number of protons (the ATOMIC number) defines the element.
3. Molecule: any two (or more) atoms bound together.
Compound: any two (or more) atoms of different
elements bound together.
4. C, H, O, N.
Matching:
5. C
6. N, C, and O
7. I
8. Fe
9. Ca
10. O
11. Ion: atom or molecule with a charge; cations are positively charged.
12. protons; neutrons
13. negatively; equal to
14. 19; 19; 19
15. Isotopes: atoms of same element with different atomic masses
(different numbers of neutrons).
8; 6
16. 39
Matching:
17. R
18. S
19. E
20. D
21. C; glucose, fats, and protein
22. Solvent; in joints
Matching:
23. B
24. A
25. C
26. A (4)
27. B
28. 100; more
29. weak
30. removed (dehydration synthesis); 1
31. added (hydrolysis); 2
32. Differences between RNA
& DNA
5-C sugar
ribose
deoxyribose
nitrogenous
bases uracil
thymine
strands
one
two (double helix)
(of nucleotides)
Matching:
33. C
34. D
35. B
36. A
37. A
38. T
39. T
40. Polarity: charge difference from one end (side) to the other (in
molecules, due to differences in electronegativity
Electronegativity: An atom's ability
to attract electrons; an atom that attracts electrons strongly has a high
electronegativity.
Valence: Outer shell of electrons
around the nucleus of an atom.
Ions have a net charge; polar molecules
have an uneven distribution of charge (a positive "end" and a negative "end")
but
not a net
charge (necessarily).
41. Lots of examples of all of these bonds will be given in class
and are discussed in the text.
Covalent bond: shared pair of
electrons
Non-polar: electrons are shared equally (due to equal electronegativities)
Polar: electrons shared unequally (due to different electronegativities)
Ionic: bond between ions, due
to the opposite charges on the ions (no sharing of electrons)
Hydrogen bonds: weaker than the
others, this is a charge attraction between a (positively charged end of a)
hydrogen in a polar bond in one molecule, and a negatively charged end of a bond
in another. Found between water molecules, within proteins, within nucleic
acids, etc.
42. Remember: "Like dissolves like" (polar dissolves polar,
non-polar dissolves non-polar)
Hydrophilic: likes water
(typically means polar or charged when it comes to molecules).
Hydrophobic: doesn't "like"
water (typically means non-polar [likes lipids])
43. See questions 30 and 31.
Basically, almost all types of
organic molecules can be assembled by dehydration synthesis, and broken down by
hydrolysis.
44. Self explanatory.
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For Biology 2212 (Anatomy and Physiology) only:
45. Solution: Homogeneous mixture that doesn't settle out; in the
body, plasma, saliva, sweat, urine would be examples.
These tend to be clear (salt water and air would be other examples).
Know the concept of: Solvents (the dissolver) and Solutes (what is dissolved)
Colloids: Heterogeneous mixture that
doesn't settle out; in the body, cytosol (cytoplasm) and the matrix of many
C.T.'s are examples.
Sol -- liquid colloid
Gel -- (semi)solid colloid
Suspension: Heterogeneous
mixture that will settle (if not moved); whole blood is an example.