Circulatory System Structures - To know for the lab practical; know appropriate
epithelial linings (simple squamous everywhere)
BIOL 2213: Dr. Adams
BLOOD
I. Plasma
II. Formed Elements:
Erythrocytes (Hematocrit)/Reticulocytes
Platelets
Leukocytes: Granulocytes -
Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils
Agranulocytes - Lymphocytes (B & T), Monocytes (Macrophages)
HEART Know pathway of blood flow through heart; systemic/pulmonary circuits
(see
back of this sheet)
I. Coverings:
Fibrous pericardium
Serous pericardium: Parietal and Visceral* layers
II. Heart Wall:
Epicardium (visceral serous pericardium*)
Myocardium (with fibrous skeleton)
Endocardium (continuous with vessel endothelium)
III. External/Internal features (general): Cardiac Notch in
left lung
Landmarks: Apex/Base
Anterior/Posterior Interventricular Sulci
Interventricular/Interatrial septa (interatrial with Fossa Ovalis)
Atrioventricular groove (sulcus; also called Coronary
Sulcus)
Major blood vessels of coronary circulation follow sulci (see below+)
IV. Atria and Ventricles: left and right
Pectinate muscles/Trabeculae carneae
Papillary muscles, with Chordae tendineae
V. Heart Valves:
Atrioventricular valves: Tricuspid (right)/Bicuspid or Mitral (left)
Semilunar valves (also three flaps
[tricuspid]): Pulmonary/Aortic
VI. +Coronary Circulation: (first branches off of aorta)
Arteries: Left Coronary - branches: Anterior Interventricular and Circumflex
Right Coronary - branches: Marginal and Posterior Interventricular
Veins: Great/Middle/Small Cardiac Veins; Cardiac Sinus
VII. Cells: Cardiac muscle cells, with Intercalated Discs
VESSELS
I. Vessel Walls: three layers (Tunics) (Pgs.708-709)
Tunica intima (interna)/Tunica media/Tunica adventitia
(externa)
II. Vessel Terminology: Anastomoses (Pgs. 710-714)
Arteries: Elastic (conducting), Muscular (distributing), Arterioles
Capillaries (in Beds): Continuous, Fenestrated,
Sinusoidal
Control of blood flow through Capillary beds: Precapillary
Sphincters
Veins (with Valves): Veins, Venules, Venous Sinuses
III.
Pulmonary Circuit Vessels: (pg. 736-737 in text)
Pulmonary Trunk/Pulmonary Arteries/Lobar Arteries
Pulmonary Veins
IV. Systemic Circuit Vessels: (pgs. 737-758 in text)
Full body views: Arteries -- pg. 739, Veins -- pg. 751
A. Arteries
Aorta: Ascending, Aortic Arch, Descending (Thoracic/Abdominal)
Aortic Branches (in order):
Ascending Aorta
Coronary Arteries (see above+)
Aortic Arch (pgs. 740-743)
Right Brachiocephalic - branches: Right Common Carotid, Right Subclavian
Left Common Carotid
Left Subclavian
Carotid (both right and left) branches: external and internal carotids
Subclavian (both right and left) branches: vertebral, basilar, Circle of
Willis
Descending Thoracic
Intercostals (pg. 742-743)
Bronchial (pg. 738)
Descending Abdominal (below diaphragm) (pgs. 744-747)
Celiac Trunk - branches: Hepatic, Gastric, Splenic
Superior Mesenteric
Renal
Gonadal (Testicular/Ovarian)
Inferior Mesenteric
Common Iliacs
For each subclavian artery (pg.
740-743) and vein** (pg. 752-755), know these branches:
Axillary, Brachial, Radial, Ulnar
For each common iliac artery (pg.
748-749) and vein++ (pg. 758) know:
External/Internal Iliacs, Femoral, Popliteal, Anterior/Posterior Tibials
B. Veins
Superior Vena Cava (pgs. 752-755)
-- branches (in order away from the heart):
Azygos and
Hemiazygos (with intercostals), Brachiocephalics,
Internal/External Jugulars, Subclavians
(pg. 752-755)**
Also need to
know Cephalic veins
Inferior Vena Cava (pgs. 756-757)
(through liver/diaphragm) -- branches:
Hepatic, Renal,
Gonadal, Common
Iliacs++
Also Great
Saphenous (pg. 758)